Does a Tuberculosis Peritonitis Imitate an Advanced Ovarian Cancer?: A Case Report at Iringa Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania

Tuberculosis (TB) Peritonitis is unexpected tuberculosis that happens in less than 2% of the patients worldwide. The incident rates are higher in the developing countries as a result of the inadequate diagnostic equipment. The mimicking of the tuberculosis peritonitis with an advanced ovarian cancer affects the decision of the gynecologist even after coming up with the confirmatory investigation of image findings. A 34-year-old female presented with progressive abdominal distension for 2 months, discomfort, abnormal vaginal discharge, which was foul smell and yellowish in color, painful sex intercourse, and denied history of diarrhea or constipation. Furthermore, present the history of passing black stool, but she denied history of vomiting blood or epigastric pain. A pelvic scan revealed the adnexal masses and ascites, with a conclusion of advanced ovarian cancer. A laparotomy was done; total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy were done. A specimen sent for histopathology, which revealed tuberculosis peritonitis and not ovarian cancer. A patient was administered anti-tuberculosis drugs, and on follow-up, the patient showed an improvement. Therefore, in this case, the gynecologist should think of tuberculosis peritonitis as a differential diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer, and this can be confirmed by the laparoscope and histopathology of the specimen hence preventing unnecessary total abdominal hysterectomy.  Implication for policy makers: The diagnostic tools in the health care facilities should be readily accessible and available for such rare cases hence more on job training to equip the gynecologists with updated knowledge and skills.  Implication for public: The public health should be emphasized in the community by offering health promotion, encouraging screening, and prevention of diseases so as to prevent the consequences which affects the life of an individual.