Geoelectric fields and geomagnetically induced currents during the April 23–24, 2023 geomagnetic storm

We present a study on the dynamical variations of geoelectric fields E during the intense geomagnetic storm of April 23-24, 2023. The storm is caused by the interplanetary counterpart of a coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun in association with an M1.7 X-ray flare. The GeoElectric Dynamic Mapping (GEDMap) code is applied to develop spatial E maps using magnetometer data from 29 observatories distributed across northern Europe. The code has been applied during local nighttime and morningtime intense substorms which occurred during the storm main phase. The maps show intensifications and strong variability of the E-fields during the substorm events. In particular, the morningtime event is associated with a significant variability in the E-field direction. Using the computed E-fields, we determined geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) at the sub-auroral station Mäntsälä. The modeled GIC values exhibit significant correlation (correlation coefficients <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.73</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.76</mml:mn></mml:math> ) with the observed values. The performed E-field mapping provides a basis for the further determination of GICs in selected locations not covered by magnetometers and can be useful in understanding the GIC variability during magnetic storms and substorms.