Peer-Driven Intervention for Care Coordination and Adherence Promotion for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial

<b>Rationale:</b> Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition that is usually treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, but poor adherence is common and is associated with worse patient outcomes and experiences. Patient satisfaction is increasingly adopted as a quality indicator by healthcare systems. <b>Objectives:</b> We tested the hypothesis that peer-driven intervention effected through an interactive voice response (IVR) system leads to better patient satisfaction (primary outcome), care coordination, and CPAP adherence than active control. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a 6-month randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial with CPAP-naive patients recruited from four centers and CPAP-adherent patients who were trained to be mentors delivering support through an IVR system. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> In 263 patients, intention-to-treat analysis of global satisfaction for sleep-specific services was better in the intervention group (4.57 ± 0.71 Likert scale score; mean ± SD) than in the active-control group (4.10 ± 1.13; <i>P</i> < 0.001). CPAP adherence was greater in the intervention group (4.5 ± 0.2 h/night; 62.0% ± 3.0% of nights >4 h use) versus the active-control group (3.7 ± 0.2 h/night; 51.4% ± 3.0% of nights >4 h use; <i>P</i> = 0.014 and <i>P</i> = 0.023). When compared with the active-control group, the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care rating was moderately increased by an adjusted difference of 0.33 ± 0.12 (<i>P</i> = 0.009), Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Provider and Systems rating was not different (adjusted difference, 0.46 ± 0.26; <i>P</i> = 0.076), and Client Perception of Coordination Questionnaire was mildly better in the intervention group (adjusted difference, 0.15 ± 0.07; <i>P</i> = 0.035). <b>Conclusions:</b> Patient satisfaction with care delivery, CPAP adherence, and care coordination were improved by peer-driven intervention through an IVR system. New payor policies compensating peer support may enable implementation of this approach. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02056002).