Implementation of Proposed Cryptography Algorithm on ESP32-Based IoT System

This research explores the data security of the Internet of Things (IoT), with a specific focus on designing cryptographic algorithms suitable for the resource-constrained ESP32 microcontroller. In the rapid growth of IoT, security vulnerabilities have become a concern necessitating tailored solutions to avoid generic attacks at various architectural layers. According to NIST, lightweight block ciphers especially AES-128 show their robustness under a resources-constraint environment and at the same time, ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. This project designs a lightweight block cipher cryptographic algorithm inspired by established algorithms like Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES). It leverages encryption techniques such as key generation, XOR operations, custom-designed S-boxes, custom-designed P-boxes, and row permutation methods. Understanding the structure of ESP32, the algorithm is designed to align the process data with native word size which takes advantage of optimizing the register operation. Performance analysis was conducted to balance security and execution time. The results indicate that the algorithm yields optimal randomness and demonstrates a short execution time using four rounds of encryption. Implementation on ESP32 confirms its feasibility for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.