Understanding Digital Transformation in Colombian States: A Machine Learning-based Approach

Digital Transformation, a strategic process that involves the development and implementation of digital and innovative models, impacts business efficiency, quality of life, and industrial competitiveness. Colombia, ranked seventh in digital transformation according to DGI 2023, demonstrates the country’s commitment to implementing this transformation in all sectors of society. This study investigates the factors influencing the digital transformation of Colombian states to understand the key drivers and propose recommendations for the country’s technological development. Clustering models such as Affinity Propagation, Agglomerative Clustering, Birch, KMeans, Mean Shift, OPTICS, and Gaussian Mixture are employed to classify Colombian states with similar situations in terms of digital transformation. In addition, predictive algorithms such as Gradient Boosting, Ridge, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and Random Forest are used to determine the importance of variables in the classificatory model, providing a deeper understanding and guiding strategies for technological advancement in Colombia.