GNSS Spoofing Attack in Real-time Static and Dynamic Scenarios

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing attacks are a current topic in the GNSS community due to their frequencies and ease of execution. Therefore, it is necessary to detect them promptly and to test and analyze the behavior of different receivers and signal observables in different conditions under these attacks. In this paper, spoofing attacks experiments on different devices are performed in two outdoor scenarios: static and dynamic. The analysis and comparison of different GNSS signal observables of both scenarios are derived to detect fake signals. This research aims to analyze the obtained distributions of observables’ samples based on the obtained results and to monitor the behavior of different observables in both scenarios for reliable spoofing detection. Our experimental results show similar and expected observables’ behavior in both scenarios except the pseudorange. In both scenarios, the location, date, and time of all used receivers are successfully spoofed. The navigation system of smartphone with Android operating system version 14 is taken over by the spoofer, which indicates the vulnerability of new generation smartphones.