Circular Virtual Array Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Network Using Backtracking Search Algorithm

Collaborative beamforming (CB) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) increases the transmission distance, which allow nodes to transmit data directly can affects the sidelobe level (SLL) of the radiation beampattern, thus the energy efficiency of WSN. Therefore, a proposed AI-based algorithm is designed and implemented to optimize the radiation beampattern performance by finding the inter-element spacing between the sensor nodes based on circular antenna array. In this work, the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) is adopted to implement the proposed Circular BSA. Four different cases are implemented to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed algorithm to achieve the objectives of SLL suppression, adaptive main beam angle, null placement. Results show that the proposed Circular BSA overcome the previous conventional Circular Array (CFA) in all the performance metrics.