Ground Harvesting and Gathering Robots in Agriculture: A Systematic and Technological Review

The study about the collectors’ robots started in 1960 due to the increasing population. The collector's robots are essential in food production, and the research of new technologies for harvesting robots has increased. This article focuses on a comprehensive review of the components’ applications that agricultural robots possess based on PRISMA methodology. The objective is to provide and inform researchers about the principal technologies and techniques used in different projects through a structured matrix. For the development of these articles, the information was obtained from databases such as "ScienceDirect," "IEEE Explore," "Wiley Online Library," "Springer Link," "JSTAGE," and "Scopus." We have analyzed 36 articles that we’ve selected from 2020 to 2023. There has been a selection of 5 variables, and we will explain and describe their function and application in this kind of robot: the degree of freedom, sensors, and type of cameras, actuators, image recognition technique, and end-effector. We selected these variables because they are significant for interacting with the crops and detecting the robot’s objective. Finally, based on the analysis, the conclusion is presented about the challenges to be overcome in the five select variables.