IoT monitoring system for post-operated patients with degenerative cervical disc herniation

Degenerative cervical disc herniation is a common disease among adult patients that causes significant disability in daily activities and at work. It may originate radiculopathy when a cervical nerve root is pinched and/or myelopathy when the spinal cord is compressed. Current post-operative monitoring methods, including visual observation, patient self-reporting, and goniometer measurements, are limited by subjectivity, delayed complications detection, and significant error accumulation. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach to enhance post-operative management and optimise recovery outcomes for patients with cervical disc herniation. The proposed solution leverages an Internet of Things-based monitoring system, featuring a headband equipped with motion sensors and wireless communication capabilities. This system provides real-time, objective measurements of cervical spine kinematics, including range of motion and posture deviations, crucial for comprehensive post-operative assessment. This headband accurately measures the range of motion and detects posture deviations of the cervical spine. The system is integrated with a mobile application that facilitates wireless communication via Bluetooth Low Energy, enabling real-time visualisation and feedback on cervical kinematics. All collected data is securely stored in the cloud for continuous tracking and analysis. The proposed system provides precise kinematic data for the cervical spine across three planes of motion: sagittal (flexion-extension), coronal (lateral flexion), and axial (internal-external rotation). This facilitates comprehensive monitoring during clinical examinations and scheduled medical appointments, supporting both patients and clinicians in evaluating and enhancing postoperative recovery.