The Potential of Computational Intelligence to Extend the Lifespan of Internet of Things Power-Limited Sensor Networks

This paper introduces the Innovative Clustering Energy Efficient Equilibrium Optimizer-based Multi-Hop Routing Protocol (ICEE-EO-MHRP), which is a novel routing protocol to reduce energy consumption and extend the network lifespan. After dividing the network sensing region into clusters of the same size, each hexagonal cluster is given a Cluster Head (CH) using the widely respected and successful optimization method known as Equilibrium Optimizer (EO). To find the cluster fitness function, the EO method takes into account three important routing metrics: the SNs’ remaining energy, their intra-cluster distance, and their closeness to the sink node. The suggested protocol functions as a batch-structured clustering routing protocol, coming to an end when the energy of any $\mathbf{C H}$ falls below a certain level. Furthermore, in our suggested protocol, sensor nodes exchange data with the chosen CH, which relays the data to the subsequent relay $\mathbf{C H}$ till it reaches the sink node by adopting a relay cost function. The highly encouraging simulation results of ICEE-EO-MHRP confirm its advantages over other protocols in terms of extending the network life and preserving energy.