Smart integration in agriculture: an Arduino-driven rice grain dryer for optimal post-harvest management

Abstract In the field of agriculture, the post-harvest stage often presents a multitude of obstacles that have the potential to undermine the quality and longevity of the crop. One of the primary obstacles in rice production is the effective drying of rice grains, which is crucial for preventing problems such as mold growth, discoloration, and unintentional germination. To tackle this issue, we propose an innovative solution: a rice grain drying system driven by an Arduino microcontroller. This device effectively combines technology accuracy with agricultural needs. The system is equipped with a very precise temperature sensor to maintain a uniform drying environment, fluctuating within the range of 50–60 °C. The use of a nichrome heater, selected for its consistent and dependable heat production, is complemented by an air blower to ensure the even distribution of heat throughout the drying chamber. One notable characteristic of this innovation is its significant drying capacity of 50 kg in each operation. The effectiveness of the product was verified by a rigorous testing process. A batch of glutinous rice weighing 25 kg, initially containing 25.5% moisture, was successfully reduced to 13.5% moisture content within a time frame of 125 min. In a similar vein, a batch of grains weighing 40 kg, which had just undergone threshing, had a moisture content of 22% initially. Remarkably, this batch achieved the desirable moisture level of 14% within a mere two-hour timeframe. This innovative technology not only provides a resolution to the difficulties faced in post-harvest processes but also signifies a fundamental change in thinking, introducing a fresh era where intelligent technology seamlessly integrates with traditional agricultural methods.