Individual color matching functions from cross‐media color‐matching experiment

Abstract Human color vision exhibits substantial variability, challenging the accurate measurement and reproduction of individual color appearances. This paper introduces a novel cross‐media color‐matching experiment that combines physical pigments and digital displays, providing a practical and efficient solution to measure individual color matching functions (CMFs). By using the Kubelka–Munk theory to synthesize broadband spectral pigments, optimized metameric pairs can be created to significantly differentiate categorical observers. Psychophysical experiment results reveal the superiority of specific CMFs for individual observers, surpassing standard models like the CIE 1931 2‐degree CMFs. This study also underscores the significance of employing CMFs for personalized color reproduction and explores the potential benefits of using higher bit‐depth displays, narrower‐band displays, and increasing repetition counts to enhance the accuracy of the color matching process.