Caste and Electoral Behaviour in India: An In-depth Analysis

Caste has long played a pivotal role in shaping electoral behavior in India, significantly influencing political outcomes since independence. This paper examines the intricate relationship between caste and politics, tracing its roots to the colonial era and analyzing how caste-based political mobilization has evolved in contemporary times. The rise of caste-based political parties, such as the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), and Samajwadi Party (SP), has redefined the Indian electoral landscape. Additionally, the impact of caste identities on voting behavior, the role of coalition politics, and the use of social media in targeting caste groups are explored. While caste-based politics has empowered marginalized communities, it also poses challenges to governance and social cohesion. The paper concludes by reflecting on the future of caste in Indian electoral politics, emphasizing the need for more inclusive governance.