The role that carboxyhemoglobin plays as a biomarker for low birth weight and maternal hemoglobin concentrations

Biomarkers have been employed to assess personal exposure to various environmental factors, forecast health impacts, and explore the related underlying mechanisms. The aim of the study was to reveal the associations between maternal hemoglobin concentrations in different trimesters of pregnancy, neonatal birth weight, and SGA (Small for Gestational Age). Data related to maternal socio-demographic status, health-related factors, antenatal visits, and neonatal birth outcomes were collected. A total of 50 women aged from 25 to 38 and their babies were included in the final analysis living for more than four years in the Helwan region (Kafer AL- Alow, Masara and AL-Tbin) during specific period (December 2020 to November 2021), the control group included 30 women, taken from places away from pollution. Maternal hemoglobin concentration was associated with birth weight in an inverted U-shaped curve and with the risks of LBW (Low Birth Weight) and SGA in extended U-shaped curves. In addition to severe anemia, maternal hemoglobin >130 g/L in the third trimester should be paid great attention to in the practice of maternal and child health care.