Propagation of Jojoba Plant (Simmondsiachinensis (Link) Schnieder) by Tissue Culture Under Different Growth Regulators Concentration

Jojoba plants (Simmondsia chinensis) are excellent plant for the development marginal lands, Jojoba propagate by different vegetative methods including (stem cuttings, grafting, air-layering, root cutting and tissue) or direct seed propagation. Jojoba is cultivated for its valuable oil and bioactive components which are used in various industries such as pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, producing biodiesel fuel as well as biodegradable lubricants, jojoba is considered as a new solution of biofuel in the coming era. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different concentrations of growth regulators for optimal callus induction in Jojoba plant via enhanced axillary bud proliferation from nodes explant cultured on full strength MS medium, 30g/l sucrose, 4g/l gel rite augmented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (T1:T16) with the combination between BA, NAA.The results indicated that certain treatments could enhance the initiation stage, leading to more shoots and greater shoot length, while others may not contribute significantly to the growth of the male jojoba plant. The best results in callus induction in 2.0 mg/l (2, 4 D) with different concentrations of BA at concentrations. The pH was adjusted to 5.7 of the MS basal medium. The percentage of callus induction, size and color were recorded after 35 days in culture. Under aseptic conditions, the callus induction response with combination of (BA,2,4D) in the MS basal medium, 2.0 mg/l the highest value (42.85%) in male of Jojoba but the lowest response appeared at the same concentration giving a value of (27.27%) in female (J14), the callus size in female (J15) was small (+++) and its color was Yellowish green but the interaction between BA, NAA (2.0 mg/l), showed a maximum response reached 83.3% in Male of Jojoba but, the lowest value (68.75%) in female (J15) but the callus size was large(++++) and its color was Yellowish green. Regarding callus induction stage, the best results were recorded when the explants were cultured and sub cultured on MS medium plus BA and NAA at 2.0 mg/l, each in turn, and higher callus induction in males suggests better propagation potential but it is not the economic way.