The Link Between PM2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Health Risks

A major environmental contaminant with great consequences for cardiovascular health is particulate matter with a size less than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). The present studies on the worldwide influence of PM2.5 exposure on cardiovascular disease risks are synthesised in this review. Originating from both natural and manmade sources, PM2.5 can pass far into the respiratory tract and bloodstream to induce systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. These systems help different cardiovascular diseases to grow and advance, so PM2.5 exposure becomes a major public health issue. Although some areas have improved in lowering PM2.5 levels, global average concentrations remain high and especially impact low- and middle-income nations. PM2.5-related cardiovascular hazards disproportionately affect vulnerable populations like the elderly, children, and economically poor areas. Effective interventions span policy-level reforms to community projects and personal protective actions. Effective case studies show how much focused efforts can help to enhance cardiovascular health results and air quality. Combining strict laws, creative monitoring technologies, and public health initiatives, this assessment emphasises the need of a multifarious approach to handle PM2.5 pollution. Future studies should concentrate on clarifying biological processes, pinpointing vulnerable individuals, and creating reasonably priced treatments to lower the worldwide prevalence of cardiovascular illness related with PM2.5 exposure. Keywords: PM2.5, Cardiovascular disease, Air pollution, Environmental health, Global health disparities