Heart Rate Variability as an Early Diagnostic Tool of Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disease, diagnosed by sudden-onset hypertension (>20 weeks of gestation) and at least one other associated complication, including proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or uteroplacental dysfunction (for example, fetal growth restriction (FGR) or angiogenic imbalance).[1] PE remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with its early diagnosis being crucial for better clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of PE is complex, involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Among the various markers being explored for early detection, heart rate variability (HRV) has gained attention due to its ability to reflect the ANS's status, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of PE.