Biological two-stage treatment technology for mitigating mining-related heavy metal pollution in Georgian rivers

The study aimed to investigate heavy metal contamination (copper, arsenic, manganese) in Georgian rivers affected by mining and develop a two-stage water purification technology using Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and trehalose lipid (TRL). This technology offers a sustainable and efficient solution to mitigate environmental and health hazards from mining-related pollution, improving river ecosystems and public health. This study examines the current state of the Kvirila, Lukhuni, Kazretula, and Mashavera rivers in terms of heavy metal pollution. Data were collected from field application of a two-stage purification process. Initial assessments showed heavy metal concentrations exceeding local regulatory limits (საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე. გარემოსდაცვითი ტექნიკური რეგლამენტების დამტკიცების თაობაზე. Environmental Technical Regulations Approval. www.matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/2196792?publication=0&scroll=0 . Accessed 22 Aug 2024.). The purification process involved a 72-h incubation in a primary tank, followed by membrane filtration and the addition of biomass with trehalose lipid (TRL) in a secondary tank. Post-treatment data revealed significant reductions in manganese and copper concentrations, bringing them below permissible thresholds. These data highlight the effectiveness of the two-stage purification technology in removing heavy metal contaminants from water sources impacted by industrial pollution. The findings demonstrate the potential of this technology to improve sustainable water management practices and provide scalable solutions for communities facing similar water quality challenges.