Exploring the Multifunctional Properties of (Sr, Ni)‐Co‐Doped BaTiO₃: Structural Characterization and Electromagnetic Characteristics

The structural and electromagnetic properties of various Ba 1− x (Sr 0.5 Ni 0.5 ) x TiO 3 are extensively investigated. X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement are used to perform a structural study. With doping substances, bulk and theoretical densities decrease. The crystallite size is calculated using Scherrer and Williamson–Hall method. The microstructural properties are examined using images from field‐emission scanning electron microscope. The observed values of dielectric constants are found to agree with the porosity‐corrected dielectric constants. The nonlinear modified Debye equation (NLMDE) displays a reasonable goodness of fit value for the first five samples. A small polaron hopping mechanism may be responsible for the frequency‐dependent AC conductivity observed in all samples confirming the Jonscher power law. It is discovered that permeability initially increases and then decreases with doping substances. Initial permeability, experimental data from the magnetic hysteresis (M–H) curve, and law‐of‐approach‐to‐saturation techniques show that Ba 0.85 (Sr 0.5 Ni 0.5 ) 0.15 TiO 3 and Ba 0.75 (Sr 0.5 Ni 0.5 ) 0.25 TiO 3 ceramics have enhanced electromagnetic properties. These ceramics are useful for fabricating electromagnetic sensors.