Energy-efficient and reliable coordinated scheduling for water distribution systems: enhancing hydraulic conditions and water quality

ABSTRACT Multi-objective operation optimization of water distribution systems (WDSs) in large metropolitan areas is essential; however, it is complex and time-consuming. Effective and reliable scheduling of WDSs can significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of urban water resources management, which requires further research. This paper develops an optimization method combining genetic algorithm and multiple criteria analysis that coordinates energy conservation, hydraulic condition improvement, and water age optimization in WDSs. Results showed that the optimal scheduling method could achieve a 23.0, 16.7, and 2.5% decrease in energy consumption, and water supply volume with unsatisfied pressure, and average water age, respectively. To achieve optimal results, this study indicated that it is crucial to properly allocate water supply volume and pressure across multiple drinking water treatment plants. This finding provides important guidance for water utilities in scheduling. Furthermore, the emergency scenario analysis shows that the newly proposed method can significantly enhance the social and economic sustainability of WDSs through the coordinated optimization of energy consumption, hydraulic conditions, and water age.