Mechanism of Centrifugal Force Amplitude–Frequency Decoupling Exciters for Fruit Tree Vibration Harvest

Centrifugal force is often used as an exciting force for fruit vibration harvest. However, the magnitude of centrifugal force varies quadratically with angular velocity. When the frequency of excitation force remains constant, the amplitude of vibration force cannot be freely adjusted. This study achieves decoupling of the amplitude and frequency of centrifugal force by varying the eccentricity of the eccentric block. Different combinations of eccentric blocks with varying quantities and parameters enable the creation of different types of centrifugal force amplitude–frequency decoupling exciters. Both the amplitude and frequency of excitation force produced by these exciters can be freely adjusted. Furthermore, a physical prototype of a symmetrical dual eccentric block exciter with centrifugal force amplitude–frequency decoupling is developed and tested. It is found that when the exciter frequency or excitation force amplitude remains constant, the vibration acceleration amplitude generated by the exciter changes by adjusting the eccentricity of the eccentric blocks. As the eccentricity of the eccentric blocks decreases, their moment of inertia and kinetic energy decrease. Utilizing mechanisms to adjust the eccentricity of the eccentric block’s center of mass to the rotation axis achieves the dynamic adjustment of the size and frequency of centrifugal force.