Effects of insulin resistance and β-cell function on diabetic complications in Korean diabetic patients

Insulin resistance and β-cell function exhibited different associations with diabetic complications among Korean diabetic patients. Specifically, lower β-cell function was associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, whereas higher IR was associated with an increased risk of CVD events. Individuals with pronounced IR should prioritize CVD prevention measures, and those with significant β-cell dysfunction may benefit from early, intensive surveillance for diabetic retinopathy.