AFML: An Asynchronous Federated Meta-Learning Mechanism for Charging Station Occupancy Prediction With Biased and Isolated Data

Electric vehicles (EVs) are driving green and low-carbon transport in modern cities. It makes charging station occupancy prediction (CSOP) critual for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to achieve a balance between the supply and demand in resolving the dynamics between EVs and changing stations. Even though several Big Data-based solutions have been discussed, they are still struggling to collaboratively utilize heterogeneous data and distributed computing resources located at both physically and logicially isolated charging stations to better support context-driven CSOP. To addres this challenge, we propose an Asynchronous Federated Meta-learning Mechanism (AFML) for CSOP, which can train a meta-model with strong adaptation ability in an asynchronous and collaborative manner. In general, it incorporates an adaptive reptile algorithm (AR) and an weighted aggregation strategy (WA) to jointly ensure the training efficiency and model adaptivity. Evaluations on real-world CSOP datasets demonstrate that compared to the second best method, AFML can significantly improve forecasting accuracy by 14%, accelerate model convergence by 9% and enhance model generalizability by 10%, illustrating its merits in support CSOP to embrace a smart and sustainable city.