Heat transfer augmentation in a double lid-driven trapezoidal porous cavity with heated block using hybrid nanofluid

This study intends to understand the fundamental characteristics of hybrid nanofluids (HNF) in a porous cavity using computational modeling, which will aid in developing HNF within hydrodynamics and enable adaptability. The present research investigates the enhancement of the transmission of heat in a double lid-driven trapezoidal porous cavity containing a heated block, utilizing a HNF composed of aluminum oxide/copper-water (Al 2 O 3 /Cu-H 2 O) employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on Galerkin weighted residual (GWR). Additionally, the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer comprehensive approach has been used to demonstrate fluid flow in the porous media. The governing parameters such as the Darcy number (10 −4 ≤ Da ≤ 10 −2 ), the porosity of the porous medium (0.6 ≤ ε ≤ 0.9), inclined angle (π/16 ≤ ϕ ≤ π/3), and solid volume fraction (0.001 ≤ δ ≤ 0.05) have been chosen to evaluate the impact within dimensionless time (0.1 ≤ τ ≤ 1). The simulation outcomes of flow and thermal fields are shown through streamlines, isotherms, average heat transfer rate at the hot surfaces, and average temperature inside the cavity. The outcomes of this study show that the HT rate rises by 41.02% when increasing the solid volume fraction (svf) from 0.1% to 5%. Also, it has been found that if the inclined angle is enhanced from π/16 to π/3 at non-dimensional time τ = 0.5, the average HT augmented by 63.16%.