Outstanding Activity and Durability of Supported NiCo ₂ O ₄ Nanoparticles for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

ABSTRACT The rational design of noble metal‐free electrocatalysts represents one of the basic stones for fuel cell development. With the exploration of eco‐friendly nanomaterials for the investigated alcohol oxidation process, nickel‐based electrodes have been recognized as the most auspicious anodes with promoted activity and stability. In this work, a series of NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles were deposited onto graphite sheets (NiCo 2 O 4 /T) introducing varied proportions of cobalt oxide species. Co‐precipitation protocol of the respective metallic hydroxides onto the carbonaceous support was followed with consecutive annealing in an air atmosphere at 400°C. The fabricated mixed metallic oxide nanopowder was physically studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Uniformly arranged nanoparticles were observed on graphite surface as evidenced by SEM and TEM. The cubic lattice structure of formed NiCo 2 O 4 crystals was also confirmed by XRD through the defined peaks of binary metallic oxides clarifying their successful preparation scheme. The electrocatalytic properties of these NiCo 2 O 4 /T nanocatalysts were evaluated for oxidizing ethanol molecules in basic solution. Pronounced oxidation current densities were remarkably measured at NiCo 2 O 4 /T electrodes in relation to that at NiO/T. Differing the introduced cobalt oxide content into the synthesized nanocatalyst significantly controlled its catalytic performance. NiCo 2 O 4 /T‐20 exhibited the highest activity and stability among the prepared nanomaterials. Much decreased charge transfer resistances were also recorded at this electrode demonstrating its promoted electron transfer characteristics. This work could provide a reasonable route for the simple synthesis of comparable transition metallic oxides with promising attitudes for energy generation purposes.