Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik

The chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils acquired from the separated parts of air-dried flowers, leaves, and stems of Alyssoides utriculata L. plant growing in Turkiye were determined. Three volatile oil components were acquired via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Flame Ionization Detection (GC-MS/FID) analysis. A total of 75, 67, and 76 compounds in the volatile oils of flower, leaves, and stem of A. utriculata were identified, respectively. The highest percentage of chemical compounds in the essential oils of A. utriculata were determined to be monoterpenes in flowers and leaves, (72.4% and 66.5%) and hydrocarbons (29.2%) in stems. While α-pinene (62.5% and 46.7%) was defined as the major compound in the flowers and leaves, nonane (21.2%) was determined to be so in the stem essential oil. The antioxidant activity of the obtained essential oils was determined according to free radical scavenging and total phenolic content (TPC), and antimicrobial activity against 12 bacteria and 5 fungi, using the agar dilution method. The amount of TPC and scavenging activity of the flower oil were found to be 440.61 ± 6.26 mg GAE/L and 46.00 ± 1.28%, respectively. Based on the antimicrobial activity results, all the essential oils of A. utriculata were determined to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.