Modelling and optimization of amoxicillin degradation over <scp>ZnO</scp> and glucose oxidase modified <scp> TiO ₂ </scp> nanowire

Abstract Recently, antibiotics posing threats to health and the environment have been highlighted. According to previous reports, amoxicillin is the most hazardous antibiotic in Tehran. In order to overcome the risks associated with the storage and contamination of oxidizing agents, a Janus structure of Ti/TiO 2 /FA/GOx/ZnO is introduced for in situ steady generation and consumption of H 2 O 2 . The most efficient nanowire structure of TiO 2 is achieved at 140°C and 4.5 h. The footprints of GOx as the bioactive site to produce H 2 O 2 and ZnO as the photoactive site to dope TiO 2 have been proved by Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. For the first time, a Minimum Run Resolution V screening has been implemented for seven factors in an amoxicillin degradation process by the so‐called bio‐photo‐catalyst. According to analysis of variance (ANOVA), the significance of the three most important variables is as follows: amoxicillin concentration (C) &gt; the area covered by TiO 2 nanowires (E) &gt; ZnO/GOx ( F ) ratio. The significance of the model over the 95% confidence interval is confirmed by R 2 of 0.9970, F ‐value of 108.10.