The Patterns of GI Cancers in Western Sudan

Background: Because GI cancer is the most common type of cancer seen every day in Sudan's clinical practice, research into this illness is critical. Our study sought to determine its epidemiological characteristics. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study that includes all patients who presented with GIT tumors between January 2019 and July 2024 at the EL-Obeid Histopathology Center in North Kordofan. Results: This study included 127 individuals with GIT cancer, with 52% being male and 48% being female. Their ages varied from 20 to 98 years, with an average of 57.9±15. The age group (51–60) had the highest proportion of research subjects, with 66.7% being men, followed by the age group (61–70), with 54% being female. The most common kinds of GIT cancer were esophagus, colon, stomach, rectum, liver, small bowel, bowel rectosegmoid, and appendix, accounting for 35%, 25%, 16%, 11%, 8%, 3%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. SCC was the most common histological diagnosis, accounting for 96.6% in the esophagus, followed by AC (37.5%), 34.4%, and 21.9% in the colon, stomach, and rectum, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the diagnosis for 100% of liver cancers. AC accounted for 35.6% of all histological diagnoses across age groups, with the majority occurring in the 51-60 age range, followed by SCC at 27.6%. In all cases, 40% of others' histological grades are highly defined, with the majority developing between the ages of 61 and 70. Conclusion: The most prevalent cancers in Western Sudan were esophageal, colonic, stomach, rectal, and liver. Many incidents occur when people are over the age of 50, and they affect both men and women.