Perspectives of healthcare providers around providing family planning services to women living with HIV attending six HIV treatment clinics in Lusaka, Zambia

<b>ABSTRACT</b>While international guidelines recommend integration of family planning (FP) and HIV services, limited research has been done to explore how healthcare providers perceive the feasibility and utility of integrated services. To address this gap, we administered a standardized questionnaire to 85 providers from 6 HIV clinics in Lusaka, Zambia, before (April-May 2018) and after (May-June 2019) implementing an enhanced model of FP/HIV service integration. We tested for differences in FP knowledge, attitudes and practices between the two time periods with tests appropriate for paired observations. The proportion of providers self-reporting direct provision of contraceptives increased significantly for several methods including oral contraceptives (14% vs. 26%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), injectables (9% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), implants (2% vs. 13%, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and intra-uterine devices (2% vs. 13%, <i>p</i> = 0.007). In-depth interviews were also conducted post-integration with 109 providers to solicit their feedback on the benefits and challenges of offering integrated services. While providers were highly supportive of integrated services, they identified several challenges including widespread belief in FP myths among female clients, the need to consult a male partner prior to starting FP, lack of trained staff and space, and frequent stockouts of contraceptives and equipment. Addressing these challenges will be critical in designing future services.