Enhanced Piezoelectric Degradation of Tetracycline Using Single-Atom Cu Anchored on t-BaTiO3

Hydrothermal and ultrasonic processes were used in this study to synthesize a single-atom Cu anchored on t-BaTiO 3 .The resulting material effectively employs vibration energy for the piezoelectric (PE) catalytic degradation of pollutants.The phase and microstructure of the sample were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was found that the sample had a tetragonal perovskite structure with uniform grain size.The nanomaterial achieved a considerable increase in tetracycline degradation rate (approximately 95 % within 7 h) when subjected to mechanical vibration.In contrast, pure BaTiO 3 demonstrated a degradation rate of 56.7 %.A significant number of piezoinduced negative charge carriers, electrons, can leak out to the Cu-doped BaTiO 3 interface due to Cu's exceptional conductivity.As a result, a single-atom Cu catalyst can facilitate the separation of these electrons, resulting in synergistic catalysis.By demonstrating a viable approach for improving ultrasonic and PE materials this research highlights the benefits of combining ultrasonic technology and the PE effect.