Enhancing sustainability in agriculture with nanofertilizers

Abstract The pursuit of sustainable agriculture has become imperative in addressing global food security challenges while minimizing environmental impacts. Recent innovations in nanotechnology have given rise to a promising solution: nanofertilizers. Research reveals that these nanofertilizers can significantly enhance nutrient use efficiency, reducing environmental consequences, and advancing the cause of cleaner production. With potential increases of up to 30% in nutrient use efficiency and 20% in crop yields compared to traditional fertilizers, nanofertilizers demonstrate the capability to substitute up to 50% of conventional fertilizers, thereby diminishing their ecological footprint. This review paper explores the emerging trends and advancements in the field of nanofertilizers and their potential to revolutionize modern agriculture. We delve into the fundamental concepts of nanofertilizers, including their unique characteristics and controlled-release mechanisms. We analysed the impact of nanofertilizers on crop productivity, quality, and growth through the lens of research findings and case studies. While acknowledging the substantial potential of nanofertilizers, we also address environmental and safety considerations, emphasizing the importance of responsible deployment. In an era prioritizing environmental concerns, nanofertilizers offer a promising solution to meet growing food demands while protecting ecosystems. Graphical Abstract