GENERAL CLINICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL METHODS FOR STUDYING THE URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS

The lecture covers general clinical and cytological methods for urine analysis, specifically the determination of its physical properties, chemical analysis for the presence of protein, glucose, ketone bodies, and pigments, which allow for the assessment of kidney function, urinary system condition, and metabolic disorders. It also includes microscopic analysis of sediment to identify cellular elements, casts, and salts, aiding in the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary system. Methods for qualitative and quantitative examination of urine sediment are discussed for diagnosing renal function disturbances, urinary system issues, as well as metabolic and systemic diseases. The lecture emphasizes the importance of these studies in clinical practice for detecting various pathological conditions and monitoring patient treatment.