Biogas Residue Carbonization Rather Than Biogas Residue Promoted the Yield of Pakchoi and Reduced the <scp>N₂O</scp> Production Potential in Horticultural Soil

ABSTRACT Biogas residue (BR) and biogas residue‐derived biochar (BRC) are widely used as substitute for inorganic Nitrogen (N) fertilizers in vegetable production. Yet, their comparative research on vegetable production and N 2 O production was still lacking. Here, the pot experiment of pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis ) with a gradient of BR or BRC application rates (0, 30%, 60%, 100% w/w) was carried out to simulate different N fertilizer substitution rates. The results showed that the pakchoi yield had no difference between BR or BRC and control treatments; BRC had more advantages than BR in maintaining or increasing the pakchoi yield. BR and BRC could all reduce N 2 O production potential in vegetable soils. But BRC had a stronger ability to inhibit denitrification while BR had a stronger ability to inhibit nitrification compared with each other. The results showed that BR and BRC had different regulatory pathways for pakchoi yield and N 2 O production. BR regulated the pakchoi yield majorly through nitrification, but BRC majorly through denitrification. It suggested that BR and BRC could partially or completely replace inorganic fertilizers without reducing pakchoi yield. BRC combined with chemical fertilizers was a higher intelligence strategy in vegetable systems to improve pakchoi yield and N 2 O production compared with BR. It provided a theoretical basis for the application of BR and BRC to nutrient cycling and microbial processes in the soil‐vegetable system.