Genetic lineages of <i>Parisotoma notabilis</i> sensu lato (Hexapoda, Collembola) and their use in biological monitoring

Widespread species of small soil arthropods are being traditionally used in the biological monitoring of the environment. A promising development in this direction could be the usage of genetic methods, namely the composition of genetic lineages in populations of polytypic species. These species include the widespread springtail, Parisotoma notabilis sensu lato, which is especially abundant in Europe. At present, six lineages of this complex are known, the genetic distances between which are sufficiently close to the species. Previously, we showed the differentiation of genetic lineages in an urbanization gradient (natural forest – forest park – urban lawn) using the Moscow region as an example. In this work, the divergence of genetic lineages in these habitats was confirmed for various natural zones. The least disturbed habitats are marked by lineages L2, L4-Hebert and L0, the most disturbed ones by L1. Monitoring changes in the soil layer of ecosystems is possible only in zones of sympatry of different P. notabilis genetic lineages, i.e. the areas where they co-occur. Such areas seem to include the entire European part of Russia.