Localized environmental governance for carbon dioxide removal in small island developing states: Challenges and opportunities

Accelerating the net-zero economy requires understanding energy consumption patterns, renewable technology attitudes, and acceptance of sustainable energy systems. This study explores how behavioral modification campaigns reduce residential energy use, promote energy-efficient products, and improve consumption patterns. Decentralization and digitization of energy infrastructure have spawned new markets and business models, giving customers more energy control and improving efficiency. The unique regulatory structure of Ireland's single power market makes it a compelling case study. The study examines Irish consumers' sustainable energy beliefs and behaviors from 1992 to 2022 using a 40-question survey. The data show that smart energy solutions for carbon-conscious families have pros and cons. Consumer knowledge of environmental issues and willingness to accept new energy technology are high, but cost and perceived complexity remain impediments to wider implementation. The research emphasizes technical innovation and behavioral change in energy reduction and greener energy promotion. These findings can help engineers, industry stakeholders, and politicians reach climate policy goals and carbon neutrality. Policymakers should support smart energy adoption, reduce cost barriers, and simplify the process. A fair and sustainable net-zero economy transition requires consumer education and decentralized energy market policies. This research underscores the importance of customized policies that leverage technology and behavior to mitigate the effects of climate change. • Understanding energy trends, attitudes toward renewables, and sustainable adoption is key to accelerating a net-zero economy. • Decentralizing and digitizing energy systems have created new markets, giving customers easy control and increasing efficiency. • The findings highlight the pros and cons of smart energy solutions for reducing householdcarbon footprints and adopting sustainable energy habits. • Climate change mitigation increasingly relies on renewable technology and energy efficiency.