Enhanced frequency aware microgrid scheduling towards seamless islanding under frequency support of heterogeneous resources: A distributionally robust chance constrained approach

• An enhanced frequency aware microgrid scheduling model aimed at providing a solution for seamless islanding in microgrids is proposed. • A quadratic frequency approach is proposed to derive sufficient conditions for the maximum frequency deviation constraints. • Modeling and coordinated optimization of heterogeneous resources to enhance economic efficiency and frequency security. • The uncertainty of load and demand-side frequency regulation resources is addressed using DRCC approach. This paper introduces an enhanced frequency aware microgrid scheduling (E-FAMS) model designed to achieve seamless islanding (SI) for microgrids after experiencing an unintentional islanding event (UIE). The model addresses uncertainties in load forecasting and demand-side resources’ (DSRs) frequency support, described using a Wasserstein-metric ambiguity set, through the distributionally robust chance constrained (DRCC) approach. It concurrently optimizes unit commitment, generation dispatch, reserve capacity, power exchange, and the frequency response of heterogeneous frequency support resources (HFSRs). A quadratic frequency (QF) approach is proposed to derive sufficient conditions for the maximum frequency deviation (MFD) constraints, which are then convexified using the piecewise linear of multivariable functions (PWL-MFs) technique and integrated into the proposed model. Case study results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model, providing a novel solution for SI in microgrids.