Research on fault diagnosis of mechanical component in high-speed train based on one-dimensional convolutional block residual channel attention

The yaw damper and the rolling bearing are key components to ensure the safe and reliable operation of high-speed trains. However, fault identification in these components remains challenging, with traditional feature extraction methods often suffering from low diagnostic accuracy. To address these issues, a one-dimensional convolutional block residual channel attention (1DCBRCA) method for fault diagnosis of high-speed train components is introduced. Firstly, the convolutional layer is constructed for feature extraction, and the convolution block attention module is utilized for adaptive feature optimization in both channel and space dimensions. Subsequently, a residual neural network model is established, with channel attention added after each residual block to focus on critical feature information, which is used for adjusting the weight parameters. Furthermore, the proposed method was validated through damper fault experiments and bearing fault experiments. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art methods demonstrated that the proposed 1DCBRCA approach achieves higher diagnostic accuracy, confirming its potential to enhance fault diagnosis in high-speed train components.