Saliva As An Alternative Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool For Type I Diabetes-A Prospective Study

BACKGROUND: Early screening and ongoing monitoring upon diagnosis can help to provide a better prognosis and a delay in the onset of clinical problems in diabetes mellitus.This necessitates frequent venipunctures, which can be uncomfortable and anxious for the patient.Saliva is a potential aid in the development of a painless, non-invasive treatment, which is desirable 1,2 .Additionally, this would offer simple and affordable methods for epidemiological interventions and widespread screening.AIM: To evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in both normal and diabetic subjects, and to compare and correlate the results with salivary glucose levels.Additionally, a study is conducted on the relationship between salivary glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in both diabetics and controls.METHODS: The blood glucose was estimated using the glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method and estimated using Nanodrop Spectrophotometer at 505 nm.Glycated hemoglobin was estimated by HPLC on Bio rad D10.The salivary glucose was estimated using the glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method and the concentration was observed using a Semi Automatic Analyser.RESULTS: There was a notable variation in the subjects' salivary glucose levels, suggesting that the subjects' glycemic state was dysregulated.Moreover, salivary glucose rises in direct proportion to rises in diabetics' FPG and HbA1C.CONCLUSION: Diabetes can be detected with saliva testing.Diagnosing diabetes mellitus will also benefit from the technique's standardization and establishment of a reference range.