Quantitative Assessment of Green Inventory Management in Supply Chains: Simulation-Based Study of Economic and Environmental Outcomes Aligned with ISO 14083 Standard

This research employs numerical simulations and scenario analysis to assess a supply chain model’s economic and environmental performance operating under stochastic market demand, with inventory levels managed by a periodic review (R, s, S) inventory system. The inventory model in this research is designed to determine the minimal inventory levels required to achieve predefined fill rates across various operational constraints. The supply chain’s inventory model simulates optimal responses to normally distributed market demand within 365-day periods characterized by mean and two levels of demand variability through two fill rate levels, two workweek schedules, 15 review periods, and 16 lead times. By conducting an extensive analysis of the 192000 simulation experiments of the supply chain under periodic review (R, s, S) inventory system, complex influences between system variables and economic outcomes of supply chain operation measured by ordering, transportation, holding, penalty, and total costs along with greenhouse gas emissions arising from inventory-related transportation according to the ISO 14083 standard are analyzed. The insights from this research have significant practical implications, providing valuable guidance for supply chain managers, researchers, and freight companies offering guidance for improving economic and environmental performance.