Epidemiology And Biological Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Disease And Diabetes

The risk of CVDs in T2DM patients in LMICs is higher than in developed nations. It is essential to make an evaluation of the current situation of CVDs among people with T2DM. These CVDs are easily preventable through intervention especially in T2DM patients and this should be done in a comprehensive manner. The following targets and principles should be considered: individual targets of HbA1c for patients, a rigorous control of cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure and lipids, and incorporation of newer anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive agents. It is, therefore, crucial to design a stepped-wedge approach that bundles a patient-level intervention, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions to reduce the risk of CVD in LMIC T2DM populations. When selecting medications for T2DM patients with cardiovascular conditions, several key considerations must be made: When selecting medications for T2DM patients with cardiovascular conditions, several key considerations must be made: It should be noted that the choice of anti-diabetic drugs should take into consideration cardiovascular safety. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists are newer agents for managing diabetes and have been found to have cardiorenal benefits. The choice of lipid-lowering should be targeted to lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides as effectively as possible. If the intensity of statin is high; it is considered first-line therapy, and other optional medication includes ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. To maintain the best pressure level that is suitable for an individual, and as a result control hypertension, the use of antihypertensive drugs is necessary. This makes ACE inhibitors or ARBs the preferred first-line antihypertensive agents because of their cardiovascular benefits. For the purpose of secondary prevention in individuals who have experienced a cardiovascular event, the antiplatelet drug aspirin in a dosage of between 75 to 150 milligrams per day should be administered. This is to minimize the probability of such difficulties re-emerging by influencing platelet activity. In general, adequate blood pressure management and antiplatelet aggregation therapy are key interventions with specific antiplatelet medication needs in this setting.