The impact of the mega-event on urban morphology: Arbaeen event in Al-Najaf as a case study

This study explores the morphological changes resulting from mega-events, focusing on the impact of the Arbaeen event on Al-Najaf's city morphology post-2003. It examines the physical, socio-cultural, and economic transformations in Najaf's urban form by analyzing the city profile. The study uses a descriptive-analytical framework, employing aerial, satellite, and photographic imagery to assess urban impacts. Additionally, a qualitative approach is used, integrating field experiments, observations, interviews, and note-taking to evaluate the social and economic dimensions. The methodology is based on a case study approach for comprehensive understanding. Findings reveal that the Arbaeen event caused significant and rapid changes in Najaf's urban, economic, and social fabric, with varying impacts between the old city and the suburbs. The event profoundly influenced Najaf's morphological evolution, leading to substantial alterations in urban structure and increased urban density. Economically, the impact is mainly concentrated in the old city, while social repercussions are more evident in the suburbs. Morphological changes in urban features are less discernible in the old city compared to the suburbs. The study highlights the importance of adopting sustainable and comprehensive urban planning strategies to manage the challenges and opportunities presented by religious mega-events. It offers valuable insights for fostering sustainable event management and urban development strategies. This research enriches the discourse on the influence of religious mega-events on urban environments by providing a holistic view of how such events shape traditional urban structures, particularly in the context of Al-Najaf.