Near Real-Time Responsive Flood Event Representation: An Open-Source Interactive Web Application Architecture

Abstract. The adoption of accessible Digital Twin technology in flood applications has been impeded by a notable lack of practical examples. Arguably, the most distinguishing feature of Digital Twin technology is the integration of near real-time data analytics through IoT sensor connectivity, which has remained underutilised in flood applications and therefore indicates a critical research gap. This project endeavoured to develop a comprehensive and replicable open-source architecture framework, specifically tailored for near real-time responsive flood event representation. The resultant interactive web application integrated near real-time river height and rain fall data streams and performed on-demand data analytics. Key results include the establishment of a back-end spatial database, a coupled physical city and digital space model, and a functional holistic front-end user interface. Additionally, this research aligned with the Gemini Principles by emphasising data interoperability and maintaining an information feedback loop. The study also aimed to configure near real-time IoT sensor connections, implement event triggers, and deliver interactive visualisations in an easily accessible format. The research addressed key questions surrounding the effective integration of IoT sensor data, identification of crucial flood indicators and parameters, and rapid quantification of flood event impacts. Ultimately, this research project demonstrates how Digital Twin technology can swiftly provide decision-makers with crucial insights during flood disaster events.