Is platelet-rich plasma as safe as we think?: a case report

Abstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous plasma product in which the concentration of platelets is several times higher than the physiologic level in peripheral blood and is a kind of concentrated form of platelet growth factor. It is widely used in dentistry, sports medicine, dermatology and cosmetology, gynecology and reproductive medicine, and ophthalmology. It has also been used in neurology for pain alleviation and regeneration of neurons. Herein, a 4-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and received PRP subcutaneous injection was presented. Case presentation A 4-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at the age of 3 years old and recovered with severe neurological sequelae despite treatment, received PRP subcutaneous injection in a private center to provide neuronal regeneration. The patient was admitted to our hospital 5 days after PRP with fever, refusal to feed, and decreased urine output. He was intubated due to respiratory distress. Inotropic treatments were initiated when hypotension and circulatory disturbance did not improve despite appropriate intravenous fluid administration. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia was detected. Unfortunately, the patient died despite all interventions. Conclusion In this case, it should not be ignored that the PRP procedure, which can be performed easily and quickly for various indications in many health institutions today, may be associated with serious side effects that may result in death. PRP injection must be performed in competent hands, following disinfection recommendations.