Progress on the durability of catalyst layer interfaces in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

The durability of the membrane-electrode catalyst layer interface is a crucial factor affecting the performance and lifespan of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). With recent advancements in fuel cell technology, there has been growing interest in improving the durability of these interfaces. This review summarizes key research on the durability of membrane-electrode catalyst layer interfaces, discusses degradation mechanisms, and explores strategies to enhance the longevity of platinum-based catalysts. It also addresses safety risks associated with hydrogen storage and the operation of PEMFC systems. Furthermore, the review highlights major scientific challenges that limit the performance and lifespan of membrane-electrode catalyst layers. Despite substantial progress in material selection, structural design, interface engineering, and mechanistic analysis, further in-depth research is necessary to meet the demands of complex operating environments and to achieve long-term high performance and safety in PEMFCs.