Effect of workplace bullying on self-esteem with mediating role of defense mechanism: a study among pharmacists in Sanaa, Yemen

This research supports overcoming workplace bullying among employees in any organisation. Comprehensive anti-bullying policies must be developed and implemented to create a safe and supportive workplace for pharmacists. Anti-bullying strategies that promote gender equality address power disparities and guarantee that female employees have access to particular resources for support should incorporate gender-sensitive practices. In order to reduce the adverse effects of workplace bullying on mental health and boost the self-esteem of victims by offering counseling services, frequent training sessions, and seminars. It is also helpful in enhancing self-esteem and improving interpersonal relationships among employees.