Buddhist Terminology in the Ukrainian Translation of Dhammapada by P. Ritter

The article analyzes P. Ritter’s translation of 44 verses of the Pāli Dhammapada, which were included in his book Voices of Ancient India: An Anthology of Ancient Indian Literature, and gives a list of terminology of Pāli Buddhist vocabulary present in the text, which includes 53 lexical units: akata, aṭṭhaṅgikamagga, attan, adhamma, anuyogin, ariya, ariyasaccāni, ariyāṭṭhaṅgikamagga, asāra, kamma, kalyāṇa, kāma, kiliṭṭha, kusala, cattāri ariyasaccāni, citta, taṇhā, dukkha (= dukha), nibbāna, dhamma, paññā, paññavant, paṇḍita, pāpa, puñña, bāla, buddha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu, magga, manas, micchā, yoga, yogin, rāga, loka, virāga, visaṅkhāra, visuddhi, saṅkappa, saṅkhāra, saṁsāra, sacca, saṅgha, saddhamma, santi, sammā, sammāsambuddha, saraṇa, sāra, sāvaka, sukha, sugata. For each lexical unit grammatical information and a Sanskrit analogue is given, as well as an antonymic and synonymous term (if it occurs in the verses under consideration), all translation variants that occur in Ritter’s translation (including cases where the word was not translated by a specific corresponding term) are included with indication of the number of the verse, translation options of this word proposed by Max Müller and V. N. Toporov, as well as, if necessary, an explanatory comment on the corresponding term. In the course of a comparative analysis of three translations of these verses (by P. G. Ritter, Max Müller and V. N. Toporov) a number of significant coincidences between the translations of Max Müller and V. N. Toporov were also revealed, the evaluation of which requires further work with a wider textological context (full text Dhammapada). At the same time, Ritter’s translation is completely original and not similar to previous translations of the Dhammapada from the original known to him (German translations by A. Weber and L. fon Schröder, French translation by F. Hû, English translation by M. Müller). Pavlo Ritter’s “Buddhist dictionary” presented in this article should in the future be supplemented with vocabulary from the rest of the Buddhist texts translated by him (Suttanipāta, Mahāvagga, Mahāparinibbāna-sutta, Jātaka Book, Milinda-pañha), as well as a specialized study of Ritter’s manuscript materials.