SWMMLIDopt: a tool for optimization of low-impact development (LID) measures using the SWMM model

ABSTRACT The present study introduces the SWMMLIDopt tool that aims to optimize the implementation of low-impact development (LID) measures for stormwater management. The developed tool utilizes the capabilities of the stormwater management model (SWMM) and provides a user-friendly interface for conducting multi-objective optimization of the selection and placement of LID measures in urban catchments. The features and capabilities of the developed optimization tool are demonstrated on two urban catchments in Northern Europe, Norway and Finland. The catchments exhibit different catchment sizes and characteristics, complexities and constraints demonstrating the flexibility of the tool. The selection and placement of LID measures within the study catchments were optimized according to two criteria: (1) minimizing the peak flow and (2) minimizing the cost. The generated Pareto-fronts for the study catchments allow for the evaluation of optimal scenarios based on the trade-offs between the two selected criteria. The results obtained using SWMMLIDopt demonstrate its efficacy in optimizing LID measures in urban stormwater management that will aid practitioners in designing cost-effective and climate resilient infrastructure.