The determinants of public gender egalitarianism at the national level: Empirical evidence from unbalanced panel regressions

How can we explain the variations in public attitudes towards gender equality across different countries? While many scholars have focused on the individual-level factors influencing public gender egalitarianism, there has been limited examination of national-level attributes. Based on world society theory and constructivist approaches, our study investigates how women’s empowerment at both the national and international levels interplays and impacts public perceptions of gender equality. Analysing data from 112 countries from 1980 to 2018, our findings from panel regression models indicate that women’s descriptive representation, regime durability, and the ratification of international women’s rights treaties positively influence public gender egalitarianism. Furthermore, interaction models reveal that democratic contexts amplify the positive effects of women’s descriptive representation, and a higher percentage of women in legislatures enhances the impact of INGOs on public attitudes towards gender equality.