Reconstructing Psychopathology: A Data-Driven Reorganization of the Symptoms in the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>
In this study, we reduced the <i>DSM-5</i> to its constituent symptoms and reorganized them based on patterns of covariation in individuals' (<i>n</i> = 14,762) self-reported experiences of the symptoms to form an empirically derived hierarchical framework of clinical phenomena. Specifically, we used the points of agreement among hierarchical principal components analyses and hierarchical clustering, as well as between the randomly split primary (<i>n</i> = 11,762) and hold-out (<i>n</i> = 3,000) samples, to identify the robust constructs that emerged to form a hierarchy ranging from symptoms and syndromes up to very broad superspectra of psychopathology. The resulting model had noteworthy convergence with the upper levels of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework and substantially expands on HiTOP's current coverage of dissociative, elimination, sleep-wake, trauma-related, neurodevelopmental, and neurocognitive disorder symptoms. We also mapped some exemplar <i>DSM-5</i> disorders onto our hierarchy; some formed coherent syndromes, whereas others were notably heterogeneous.
Authors
- Ashley L. Watts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-4748)
- Louise R. Mewton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-296X)
- Craig Rodriguez‐Seijas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-6658)
- Elizabeth Pellicano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-8003)
- Lee Anna Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-4347)
- Kristian E. Markon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9694)
- Philip J. Batterham (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-6876)
- Matthew Sunderland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-364X)
- Miriam K. Forbes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-3818)
- David Watson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0576)
- Aidan G.C. Wright (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2369-0601)
- Alison L. Calear (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-725X)
- Andrew Baillie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-5703)
- Matthew Roberts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-6157)
- Roman Kotov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-8381)
- Robert F. Krueger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-5509)
Institutions
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Australian National University (AU)
- University of Iowa (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Centre for Mental Health (GB)
- Sydney Local Health District (AU)
- University College London (GB)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Macquarie University (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Clinical Psychological Science
- Published
- 2024-10-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241268345
- Citations
- 12
- Primary Topic
- Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 7.67
Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council