Current issues of using metronidazole in clinical practice. Adverse reactions and organotoxicity

The review article is devoted to modern information about the effects and main indications for the use of metronidazole and its place in the pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases. Metronidazole remains an essential drug for the treatment of various infections due to its broad spectrum of action, high efficacy, and low level of resistance. Its use in the prevention and treatment of anaerobic infections, as well as in surgery, makes it indispensable in clinical practice. Widespread use increases the likelihood of side effects. Metronidazole can cause a wide range of adverse reactions, ranging from mild to severe. The most common include nausea, metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhea, and headache. More serious effects such as neuropathy or allergic reactions are also possible. Some side effects of metronidazole can significantly impair the quality of life of patients, which may lead to decreased adherence to treatment. Long-term use of metronidazole may increase the risk of developing more serious adverse effects such as peripheral neuropathy, metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, metronidazole-induced cerebellar syndrome, etc.